Rocker block axle mounting



Feb. 9, 1954 R. N. JANEWAY 2,668,505

HOOKER BLOCK AXLE MOUNTING Filed Aug. 2l, 1948 5 Sheets-Sheet l HM Wl HmFeb. 9, 1954 R. N. JANEWAY ROCKER BLOCK AXLE MOUNTING 5 Sheets-Sheet 2Filed Aug. 2l, 1948 INVENTOR oer /l/ Jweway Feb. 9, 1954 R. N. JANEWAYRocKER BLOCK AXLE MOUNTING 5 Sheets-Sheet 3 S xv Filed Aug. 2l, 1948Feb. 9, 1954 R N, JANEWAY 2,668,505

ROCKER BLOCK AXLE MOUNTING Filed Aug. 2l, 1948 5 Sheets-Sheet 4INVENTOR. E i T Feb. 9, 1954 R. N. JANEWAY ROCKER BLOCK AXLE MOUNTING 5Sheets-Sheet 5 Filed Aug. 2l, 1948 Patented Feb. 9, 1954 ROCKER BLOCKAXLE MOUNTING Robert N. Janeway, Detroit, Mich., assigner to ChryslerCorporation, corporation of Delaware Highland Park, Mich., a

Application August 21, 1948, Serial No. 45,481

' s claims. (ci. 10s-224.1)

This invention relates to railway car trucks and has particularreference to a simplified and improved means for mounting the side framemembers on the wheel -axles whereby truck nosing and unsquaring of theside frame members are electively counteracted and the riding qualitiesof the truck materially improved.

It is a primary object of this invention to mount the wheel axles in thetruck side frame members in such a manner that lateral slippage forceswill be automatically set up between the wheels and rails, upon anytendency of the truck to nose, which forces will resist and counteractthe forces tending to cause nosing.

`It is a further object of this invention to prevent nosing of a cartruck by mounting the Wheel axles in the side frame members in such amanner that the axles may have a positively controlled longitudinalmovement relative to the side frame members, which movement is effectiveto prevent nosing. Y, It is an additional object of this invention toprevent nosing of a car truck by mounting the wheel axles in the truckframe members in such a manner that the axles may movelongitudinally oftheir mountings, the movement being controlled by a pair of engaged,concentrically arranged curved surfaces which provide gravity actionspring devices which automatically center the axles in their framejournal mountings'when the nosing tendencies of the truck have beendissipated.

It is a further object of this invention to provide rigid side framerocker block mountings for the axle bearing assemblies which mountingspermit the bearing assemblies to have a positively controlled rollingmovement longitudinally of the side frame members which movement resistsand counteracts nosing.

It is an additional object of this invention to mount the truck sideframe members on the wheel axles by means of rigid load carryingelementsthat permit controlled longitudinal shift of the axles relative to theframe members, such shifts being positively controlled Vby gravityspring means which tend to automatically center the axles, and byresilient means that tend to retain the axles and side members in theirnormally aligned positions.

It is another object of this invention to provide a sideframe wheel axlemounting comprising rigid load carrying elements that permitlongitudinal shift of the axles yet tend to maintain the axles in astable condition of equilibrium, such mountings having in combinationtherewith resilient means that tend to resist any shift of the axlesfrom their normally stable position, the resilient means further servingto resist unsquaring of the side frames.

The nature of this invention will become fully apparent from a readingof the following description and a consideration of the related drawingswherein:

Fig. 1 is a diagrammatic view of a rigid Wheel base truck to which anexternal force h-as been momentarily applied such that a lateraldisplacement of the leading axle results;

Fig. 2 is a diagrammatic view of a rigid wheel base truck to which anextern-al force has been momentarily applied, such that a lateraldisplacement of the trailing axle results;

Fig. 3 is a diagrammatic view of a truck in which the axles are mountedso as to permit limlted longitudinal movement relative to the truck andto which an external force has been momentarily applied such that alateral displacement of the trailing axle results;

Fig. 4 is a half plan View of a car truck embodying this invention;

Fig. 5 is a side elevation of the car truck shown in Fig. 4 including aportion of the car body mounted thereon;

Fig. 6 is an enlarged vertical sectional view taken along the lines 6 6of Fig. 4;

Fig. '7 is an enlarged sectional elevation taken along the lines 1-1 ofFig. 6; and

Fig. 8 is an enlarged sectional elevation taken along the lines 8 8 ofFig. 6.

The problem of truck nosing is one of the most troublesome andperplexing encountered in the operation of railroad rolling stock. Ascommonly observed, nosing consists of a periodic wandering of the cartrucks from side to side causing the supported car body to oscillatearound a vertical axis at its center of length. Although it is usuallyassociated with coned tread wheels, as will be pointed out below, still,nosing is not necessarily limited to trucks with this type of wheel. Theconditions responsible for nosing in conventional trucks appear to becritical and to involve such variables as wheel wear, clearanceconditions between the truck frame and wheel axle journal assemblies,and Whether power is applied through the truck Wheels.

As, a result of considerable experimentation it has been establishedthat at least a limited amount of positively controlled longitudinalfreedom of movement of the wheel axle bearing assemblies with respect tothe supported side frame members is necessary to avoid nosing. Extensiveinvestigations in conjunction with a mathematical analysis of the trucknosing phenomena have established that truck nosing depends primarily onthe direction of the steering moment produced by the trailing wheels ofa truck unit when these Wheels are displaced laterally relative to thetrack.

In order to 'understand the phenomena of nosingiit'is necessarytoconsider the various forces which are set up between the wheels and thetrack rails when a set I" coned tread Wheels become displaced laterallywith respect to the tracks. Because of the coned tread of theconventional truck wheels, theilaterai displacement of an axle and itspair of supportedwheels shifts one of the wheels to a position Where ahigh portion of its coned tread engages the .track rail and the otherWheel is shifted to a position where a low portion of its coned treadengagesithetrack rail. As a result of such a shift the rolling diametersof the pair of Wheels are no longer the esame. Accordingly, inmaintaining the forward `velocity. of -the truck,one wheel tends to rollahead of the truck While the other wheel tends `inslag-behind. Thismeans that longitudinally directedslippage forces are set up at thepoints of-contact between the wheels and the rails, which forces areequal and opposite in direction when rtheconed conditions of-the wheelsare identical. V-When-theconed treadv ofthe Wheels are difiercent,-still, -longitudinally extending, oppositely directed, slippage forceswill be set up at the points of contact between the wheels and the rails.but these forces maycdiifer in magnitude. r'hus .,a slippage couple isalways set up, when the Wheels are displaced laterally, which tends tofturneboth the Wheels andthe supporting axle assemblyr as vWell as theassociated truck frame, -inla horizontal plane about a vertical axis.

'Fig.' l ,of the drawings diagrammatically illus- 'trates theconditionswhen the leading axle of a truck having rigidly mounted-axles has beendis- .placedflaterally in the direction or" the arrow D as the result ofsome external force, such as a .track irregularity, having. beenmomentarily ap- -plie'd'tot the truck. The lateral displacement of theleading wheels resulting from an application of. suona force createslongitudinally directed slippage forces Fsi atthe lleading wheels that-tend tocauseclockwise rotation of .the leading portion of the truckabouta vertical axisthrough .the trailing axle. Under such conditionsthe turning moment resulting from the couple caused by the slippageforces Fsi is in the direction oppofsite to the initial displacementresulting from the -momentary application of the external force andthecouple ofthe slippageiorces Fsl tends to lswing the truck back to itscentral position relative to the track rails. Under such conditions a.relatively stable condition exists that Willnot .tend to producenosing.

Fig. 2 illustrates the conditions when some external force has beenmomentarily applied to the rigidly mounted trailing axle of the truckand vsuch a force has caused a lateral displacement .of the trailingwheels in the direction of the arrow D. It-will be noted that underthese conditionsrdisplacement of the coned trailing wheels creates aforce couple F52 at the trailing wheels that produces a-turning momenttending to rotate the trailing portion of the truck in a clockwisedirection about a vertical axis through the leading axle. Under suchconditions the force couple resulting from the longitudinally directedslippage forces Fsz causes displacementof the trailing portion of thetruck in the same direction as that resulting from the externallyapplied force and thus the slippage couple tends to further increase theinitial lateral displacement and the angularity of the truck withrespect to the track rails. The conditions diagrammatically representedin Fig. 2 represent an unstable condition which tends to cause the'truckto continue to run oi laterally towards :the left until the Wheelflanges hit the edges of the rails which causes the trailing portion ofthe truck to then swing back yinthe opposite lateral direction. With thetrailing portion of the truck acted upon by the forces suchasfthoseillustrated in lig` 2, it is obvious that.' once thela'teral oscillatorymotion of the ltrai-ling'portion'oithe truck begins, it maycontinueindenitely. and cause the entire truck to Wander from sidev toside in a manner commonly denoted. as truck nosing.

Figs. l and 2 diagrammatically represent the conditions with a-rigidYwheel base truck where the axles are mounted in the side frame journalopenings in 4such -a manner-as to cause themto remainsubstantially'parallel to each otherfand Where they are Vrestrainedagainst longitudinal displacement relativeto the side frames and-eachother. Fig. 3 -diagrarrunatically represents la truck havingthe-axles-mounted in the side frames such that positively controlledlongitudinal movement between the axles'and-tlieassociated journalopenings in 'thezside frames is possible. lt will-now be explained howit is possible to counteract the nosingitendency ofa ytruck by mountingthe wheel axles in thetruckside frame members such that-the axlesmay'have a positively controlled longitudinal freedom of movementrelative to the side frames. Asa result 'of lsome external force havingbeen momentarily applied to the longitudinally movable trailing axleofthe truck shown in Fig. 3, the trailing Wheels are displaced laterallyin the direction of the arrowD and longitudinally directed slippageforcesY Fsc are set up at the trailing Wheels. These longitudinallydirected'forces F53 produce turning moments thatA tend to rotate' thetrailing portion ofthe truck in a clockwise direction about a verticalaxis through the leading axle, the same as -in the case of the rigidwheel base 'truck' shown in Fig. 2. VIn addition, however, thelongitudinally movable trailing axle tends to turn clock- Wiseto anincreased angle relative to the track center line due to the forcecouple of the longitudinally directed 'forces F53 acting upon themovably mounted axle. As a result or" the increased clockwise twistingof the movably mounted trailing axle, laterally directed slippage forcesFla are set upbetween the rails and the trailing axles'which forcesproduce counterclockwise turning moments about a vertical faxis throughthe leading axle. These counterclockwise turning .moments ofthe lateralslippage forces about the axis'through the leading: axle tend to opposeand counteract the clockwise turning moments produced by.` thelongitudinally directed slippage'forces Fsa. Accordingly, by providingfor longitudinal movement otthe trailing axle relativeto the'sideiramesit is possible to reduce'and preventdevelopment of lateral oscillationsat the trailing portion y01 atruck and thus preventtruck nosing. It isobvious that by proper design'of the axlealmountings'the angullarity ofthe longitudinally movable trailing axle may be made suicient to developlaterally directed slippage forces Fla, that will completely counteractandoverbalancethe turning moments Vwith respect to the side frames.sequently pointed out the bearing assemblies I4 of the longitudinallyVextending `slippagejforces vF53 and thus cause the trailing portion kofthe truck, as well as the trailing axle, to positively return to itsnormally central position relative to the rails.

The action of the lateral slippage forces Fla can be likened to therudder steering of a boat Vwhere the turning of the rudder in onedirection turns the boat in the opposite direction. In the same mannerit is possible for a longitudinally movable trailing axle of a car truckto maintain ,the directional stability of the truck. Longitudinalfreedom of movement of the leading axle is of no apparent importancewhen the truck is traveling forwardly since the leading axle merelytends to increase the restoring moment of that axle in the same manneras shown in connection Awith the rigidly mounted axle of Fig. 1. Astrucks have to be moved forwardly from either .end it is obvious thatboth axles must be free Where =Required longitudinal movement of sideframe Referring now to Figs. 4 and 5 of the drawings it will be notedthat the car body B is supported by a truck Il) comprising transverselyspaced side frames I6 mounted on a pair of longitudinally spaced,transversely extending axles II. Each axle I| carries a pair of conedtread wheels I2 which engage the conventionalV track rails I3. Theprotruding ends of each axle I I are journaled in wheel axle bearingassemblies I4 which assemblies are clearly shown in Figs. 6 and 7 andwill be subsequently described in detail. The ,bearing assemblies I4 aremounted in inverted U-shaped journal openings I5 (see Fig. 6) in theends of the side frames I 9. The mounting of the bearing assemblies I4in the side frame journal opening |5 is such as to provide apedestalless type connection wherein the axles and bearing assembliesare precluded from vertical movement As will be suband axles I I aremounted in the side frame journal openings IE so as to permit limited,positively controlled, longitudinal movement of the axles `relative tothe side frames within the clearance space between the inner walls ofthe journal openings and the outer walls of the bearing assemblies.

Each of the side frames I6 has a depressed middle section provided withlongitudinally spaced seats vI 'I on which are mounted coil springs I8through which the car load is resiliently applied to the side kframemembers. The springs I8 in turn support the end portions of thelongitudinally extending beam members yI9 whichzalso t'form' a,v part@`of, thev loadV Supporting system. v Beams I9 are arranged so as tosupport another load carrying structure, namely, the transom frame 2|.This transom frame 2| comprises spaced members 2l extending transverselyof the truck, which members are joined at their ends lby curved sections28 which overlie the central portions of thebeams |9. Thecurved sections28 are formed with spring receiving seats which are lvertically alignedwith the complementary seats 32 on the beams I9. These aligned seatshave mounted therebetween the nested coil springs 33. The springs 33transmit the load of the transom frame 2| to the beams I9 and at thesame time cushion the supported car against yimpacts or shockstransmitted from the wheels to the beams I9.

Transom frame 2| pivotally supports the truck bolster member I2 by meansof swing hanger assemblies 6| which assemblies permit limited transverseswinging movement of the truck bolster relative to the transom frame.Swing hanger assemblies 6I form no part of this invention and thereforethe details of these assemblies vhave been purposely omitted. Theseswing hanger constructions are clearly shown in the patent applicationof Robert N. Janeway, Serial No. 496,998 led August 2, 1943, which hasmatured into Patent No. 2,578,55

-The central portion of the truck bolster 'I2 is formed with aconventional bearing member V9| which receives a complementary bearingportion carried by the car body bolster 93. The bearing connectionsbetween the car bolsters and truck bolsters permit relative turningmovement between the car body and supporting truck units.

It is now thought to be obvious how the load of the car B and itscontents is transferred from the car bolster 93 to the truck bolster 'I2and then through the swing hanger assemblies 6| to the transom frame 2|.The transom frame 2| rests upon the springs 33 which are supported onthe beams I9. Beams I9 transmit the car load to the side frame membersI6 through the springs I 8. The side frame members I6 are supported ateach end on the wheel bearing assemblies I4 which are mounted on theends of the axles I|. The manner of mounting the side frames I6 on thewheel bearing assemblies I4, so as to provide for positively controlledlongitudinal movement between these engaged elements will now bedescribed.

Referring to Fig. 6 it will be observed that the inverted U-shapedjournal opening |5 in the side frame member I6 is of such a size andshape that the side frame is seated on but ts loosely about the bearingassembly I 4. Each side frame journal opening l5 is bounded by a wallportion 8| from which lugs l|12 project inwardly toward the outer sidesof the bearing assembly I4. A seat portion 83 is formed in the curvedbight portion of the U-shaped wall 8|, which seat portion receives therigid bearing assembly rocker block 84. The members l|04 extend acrossthe mouth of the U-shaped opening I5 to retain the bearing assemblywithin the opening I5.

Each journal bearing assembly I4 comprises an outer housing 94. withinwhich are concentrically mounted the outer roller bearing race 96, a setof tapered roller bearings 91, and the inner roller bearing racev98which is secured to and rotatable with the wheel axle I I. The housing94 is closed at its outerend by means of an end plate 99 (see Fig. 7)4bolted thereto. Housing 94 is adapt- 84.129 canteneil 0r Seme otherVliquid lubricant 7-swthat thevrellers91foffthebearingmssembiyiareconstantly suppliedswitlil lubricant. lEachrb'earwithin' thef U -shapedysideiframei-iournal opening l l 5 and is prov-idedfalonglits`sidestwithoutwardly but` alignedbwith'f theel-ugs 82 proectingfrom thewalls 8| ofthe' side frameifjournal openings 1.5. Due to thespacefbetweenlthe lugs$2^-and1w l ,1v-it `is obvious `that the axles Allia-ndi the'f:bearing:as`

portion of the side frame journal-opening?! 5. v-The Y longitudinalmovement"oftheaxlesandib'earing assemblies 'relative to` theisidelframe-m'emberstis really a` rolling of `the bearingassembly? housings`94 along the innerf surfaces 135" ofthe iside' frame journal openingrockerblocks 84. *Theili-ne con- 'tact' between the'engagedsurfaces85fi95 permits 'this' rolling action. Itwill-beinotedflfrom Figff that' the radius of curvaturelRi1'of-etnainner' face` l85 of the rocker -blocki84'r-isvlarger'than@the-radius of curvature-R2 ofthe'fouteriaceSY-iof vthe curvedy'bearingsurface* onVJ the housing U84.

Due to this diiereneein the radii'lofeurvature Asein-bly housings l andthe'-1-associated-` si'de'ffra'r-ne I rocker blocks; thefaxles i lI-'canffm'ove -rlongitudinally with respectito'`theside frame-members.Furthermore, the axles will --'norma1ly-ftendf=fto return to theircentered, aligned*positionsfrue` bearing assemblyspermit'longitudinal'movement ofthe axles, but italso-automatic'ally-'centersthe 4axlesin their normally aligned positions.vAs-a closed, whereby laprdetermined longitudinal movement of the-bearingassernblyis ipos's'rble,

the engaged, Yconcentrically -varranged, meurt/ed ubearing and journal'surfaces *provide -'a'gravity spring`deviceavhichpositively-controlsthemove- *ment of` the lwheel axles:within the journalopening-s. ftis'obvioustl'tatrthe load-of the-cards yadownwardlyrdireeted, vertically-"extending,- load normally` passingLthrough -the Alongitudinal center of the sideiramejournal openingsandthe center `of the axles. *If theslippageiforcestset up" atthetruckwheel-contaots'wththerails jare 'of such lmagnitudethattheaxlesfaretwisted tvveenthe various' forces acting-'thereon. As'the ,Llongitudinal slippage 'forces 'Fsa'i acting' orf'the wheels arel'ccunteractect by "the'i lateral slippage forces F13 `Aresulting ffromangular ldisplacement of the axle; thesw-he'els' return toktheir'normaijly `central `positions relative" to thgrails," the-longiitudinal slippage l'forces-'are dissipated; an'd'fthen theg-rayityaction` ofitheV car 'load-=antomaticaily forces lthe axles back to'their normal positions in the *center i of the --roeker'- block;bearing seats '85. it `is `to be understood thatthe{operationfof thevariousfforce's fheremdescri-bed* isfpracti'ca'ily itshsimu-ltaneousibutffori-the purpesesofiideseription '-'-and \sake-of--cla'r-ity-y the various/actions:landkre- Tlactions 'i have beendescribed vas step-byJ-step processes f-that. compensate V'for the",lateifalldisplacements of the axles, nullify any nosing'tend- L'eI-iciesof the'truck-1and-automatically eenterfthe fa'xles.

`-fhe construction herein disclosed provides'ftor positively controlled,longitudinali n'rovementv` of it-hel-axles inthef side frame journalopenings-to =-counteract nosing. Thisfmovement' is quite dif- "erentfrom that resultingV from; the loose, un- `Icontrolled. movement in theclearance space-between-the axles* and the-surrounding side` frameLjournal openings of -a conventionaly axle-mountiing. The loosefittingeonventionalraxle memsber'ifails-to 3 provide the nrequired self-centering #action and it orf-ers no -resistance,except shear thesprings or other resilient'elements, toflongi- Ctuc'iinalunovernont ofvthe axles under theiriu- 'encei'of-ithe various-slippageAforces.'Furthermore, by the use of' rigidiloadsupporting-rocker blocks; inplace of some form of resilient Vloadsupporting elements such as arenoWused-in-'convventional axle assemblies, the bearing assemblieshave-=been simplied--as wellf'as improved. rlhis is due to theelimination ofthe-resilient'iload supporting elements that tend to setup high frequency vibrational disturbances in the side frames, whichdisturbances become extremely objectionable and detract from thetruck'riding #qualities- Furthermore, resilient'loadsupportingelementsnvill not iwithstand'wearxas:well-.as-the rigid rocker blockAassembly herein, disclosed.

Rocker blocks S4, in .additiontoprovidingthe journal surface for 'the'.bearing-'assembly 2 housings 94, also provide a' bearinglsurtacefor 'thewall portions IS" of"the2.associatedisideiframe journal Openings.Referring t0.-Eligs.'-andii8 it will be noted that outer facelofthe=rocker block,84 ,is convexly curved transverselyofthe block. so as toform a curved seat for! the ,wall ,portion it'. of. the side frame.member. supported .'thereon.

"The transversely-extending, `upwardly arched, -rockerlblock i bearingIsurfaces 8 6.provide .the necessary, freedom of movement `between the:side 'frames 'lEand the bearing assemblies Min. ordertogperrn-itrelative vertical movement betweenthe various wheels -of vthetruck -.unt. AResilient means; in the" form of rubber .wedge blocks 106,,are ,.providedito. restrain unnecessary transverse 'rocking Of the sideframes t5 .on thewcurved lbearing,surfacesl of theA rocker blocks-84.The iwedge' blocks "1.06 are positioned between the Y long'itudinz'illyextending sidesV of .the side.. frame membersr IS'an'd adjacent,longitudinally. 'exten'dingf'anges H31 projecting from thebearing as-"ser'nb'ly' housings' 94. .Wedge blocks' 1.06A are .preicompressed. and,placed in 'shearlduring assembly of the truck nnit v,butthese membersvdok notjrel silintlySupporti the car loadjfor ,the .carload rides 'on:the rocker' blocks' 84. "Elanges "101 proje'ctfrom the'housings'94.on'each. side ofthe 'journal' openings.' in the sde 'framesfandadja- 'cent 'each "longitudinal side of the sideframes. It'will be'seen' that rthe wedge' blocks' l 06 notlon'l'y resiliently restraintransverse rocking .of'the side frames`i6 onithe. curved surfaces 8610itherocker lblocks S14-but` theyare also placed' in shear "by anylongitudinal' movements ofxthe 'axles relative tof'theside'frames'thereforthewedge'blocks T06 tend to-` resist longitudinalshiftsof theaxles'and assist in-"centering theaxlesiwhenthenosejproducing "forces have been dissipated.V''llu1s,"1fu`nt a onlyL does the gravity action rockerlblock deviceblocks |06 accomplish these functions without resiliently supporting anyof the -car load. The wedgeA blocks HIS yalso resist unsquaring of theside frames for'such ymovements of the side frames, as whenone framemoves longitudinally relative to the other, causes a deformation of thewedge blocks bythe flanges l?. The deformation of the wedge blocks |06during unsquaring action tends to resist such action and furthermore theresilient blocks will tend to automatically realign the side framemembers when the unsquaring forces have been overcome. The function ofthe rubber wedge members ISB may be said to be primary as ,toresiliently aligning the-side frames and as to equalizing the effects ofrelative movement between the truck wheels,v

and secondary as to counteracting nosing.

Due to the speciiic means which I have designed for mounting the sideframe members on the wheel axle bearing assemblies an effective,simplified method ofV combating truck nosing has been provided and atthe same time the general riding qualities of the truck have beenmaterially improved.

I claim:

1. A railway truck axle mounting comprising a side frame member providedwith a transversely extending, axle receiving, journal opening having aconcavely curved, longitudinally extending, downwardly facing,cylindrically formed, journal surface, and an Vaxle provided with abearing assembly including a convexly curved, upwardly facing,cylindrically formed, bearing surface disposed within and engageablewith the concavely curved journal surface of the frame member journalopening, the radius of curvature of the convexly curved bearing surfacebeing less than that of the concavely curved journal surface wherebysaid axle and bearing assembly may roll longitudinally of the side framejournal opening under the positive control of the load of the side frameapplied to the engaged cylindrical surfaces, which load provides anequilibrium stabilizing force that resists displacement of the axle, andpre-compressed resilient means mounted between transversely spaced apartportions of said side frame and said bearing assembly adapted toelastically resist longitudinal and transverse movement of said. axlerelative to the side frame journal opening.

2. In a railway truck having a frame and a frame supporting axle, meansfor mounting the axle in the frame comprising a rigid, loadcarrying,bearing journal member carried by said frame having a downwardlydirected, longitudinally extending, concavely curved, journal surface ofstraight line cross sectional contour, and a bearing member carried bysaid axle having an upwardly directed, longitudinally extending,convexly curved, bearing surface of straight line cross sectionalconfiguration disposed in concentrically arranged engagement with thecurved journal surface, the radius of curvature of the frame journalsurface being greater than the radius of curvature of the axle bearingsurface thereby permitting relative rolling therebetween whereby theaxle may have predetermined longitudinal movement relative to the framemember which movement is resisted by the load of the frame applied tothe concentrically engaged, curved, surfaces so as to provide meanstending to restore the axle to its position of stable equilil0 brium,said rigid load-carrying member including anV upwardly presenting,convexly curved, transversely extending, bearing surface adapted torockably support the frame member for transverse oscillatory movement.

3.l In a railway truck having a frame and an axle, means for mountingthe axle in the frame to support same for a predetermined movementrelative thereto comprising a rigid, load-carrying member carried bysaid frame having a downwardly presenting, longitudinally extending,concavely curved, journal surface of straight line transverse crosssectional configuration, and a bearing member carried by said axlehaving an upwardlydirected, longitudinally extending, convexly curved,bearing surface of straight line cross sectional configuration disposedin concentrically arranged engagement with the curved ,journal surface,the curvatures of the journal surface and bearing surface being suchthatthe axle bearing member may roll on the journal surface of the rigidload carrying member and the axle may have a predetermined longitudinaland vertical movement relative to the frame member that is opposed bythe load of the said frame applied to the axle through the engagedcurved surfaces, said rigid load-carrying member. including an upwardlypresenting, convexly curved, bearing surface adapted to rockably supportthe frame member for transverse oscillatory movement, and resilientwedge means disposed between longitudinally extending, spaced apartportions of said bearing member and said frame tc elastically restrainmovement of said frame relative to said bearing member.

Ll. In a railway car truck, a pair of laterally spaced side frameshaving transverse, downward- 1y facing, longitudinally extending,cylindrically formed, concavely curved wheel axle journal openingsadjacent each end thereof, a transversely extending wheel axle connectedbetween the openings at each end of said frame, bearing assembliescarried by each end of the axles mounting the wheel axles in the journalopenings, each assembly comprising a housing surrounding the wheel axleand roller bearing means disposed between the housing and the axle, eachhousing including an upwardly facing, longitudinally extending,cylindrioally formed, convexly curved, side frame supporting portionconcentrically arranged within and engageable with a curved portion ofthe associated side frame journal opening, the radius of curvature ofsaid curved surface of the bearing assembly housing being less than theradius of curvature of the associated side frame journal opening so asto permit said housing and axle to roll longitudinally of the side framejournal opening under control of the engaged cylindrical surfaces whichprovide an equilibrium stabilizing device that permits the load of theside frames to resist longitudinal. movement of the axle and to restorethe axle toits normal position, and resilient means interposed betweeneach side frame and each axle arranged to resist the relativelongitudinal and vertical movement of the side frames with respect tothe axles when rolling occurs between the concentrically engaged curvedsurfaces.

5. In a railway car truck, a side frame member provided witha wheel axlejournal opening, a bearing assembly positioned within said journalopening comprising an ame and a surrounding housing provided with alongitudinally extending curved bearing surface, a rigid rocker blocksupported between the wall of said journal opening and the eanesmeubeaningzlsunfaoe 0nfsadiausing;saidinoekerxblok having allongtudinallyextending :curvedijournal surface aengageablet.with:fone`iilongiimdinaily@exytendingy ieurvedfzbearing. surfacexonsaid housing, the radius of curvature lof-'the :curvedbeaningsurfae'iorrisaidihousingbeinglless'thanthe radius of;-curvature:.ofi-the :curved 1 yjour-nal surface `oni-the *.lwall-tthejour-nal opening engageable therewith, wherebyl said :bearingassemblyhas Va' line 4contact "With'fthe journal-surface'ofithe sideArame'ournal -openi=ngfsueh` that-.itmay roll relative :thereto vandes'aidf axle" --hasva positivelyfeontrolled longitudinal -randwer-'ticalmovementsrelative to thevside frame, -fsaid'ro`eker"bloek includingatransversely ex- *tending eur-ved :surface engageable with the wall'fisaidieurnalopening whereby said frame member may ro'ek transverselyrelative'` -tosaidaxle, y=-andnrecornpressed resilient `meansarranged`Jaef tween' longitudinallyextending, spaced apart por- Ttions of said'Yframe member :and said-bearingas- "'sembly 'elza.-stieallyy resistingrelative 'movement ieeyf*laweenfsaid= :frame member -and said ybearingas- -sembly 6f=1n arailway ear truck, a sideffra-memem- -fber'providedwith .alwhe'el a-Xlevjournal opening, a "bearing lassembly eoniprisinglan -axle and -al lsurrounding housing positioned Witl'iin` said journalT1 rpening,A a rigid rocker bloc'lir supported lbei-,Ween f' the Wall ofsaid journaly opening and theV outer side `of l saidrhousing; said-roeker yblock including 30 a downwardly facing, longitudinallyextending, eyl-ind ricafllyA curvedV journal surface; Aa cylindri-'cally curved upwardlyY f-aeing bearing Ysurface on *itheouter l'side ofYsaid housing concentrcally omountediswithin Lerici-1iengageiblei with:thel down- :wardlyiaiacingeurved -journalzsurace onriherfmvkerblockfbyline .contaetthe :radius ofvzourvature ofthefeuryedbearing surfaceonysaidzheusing -r:be-

l*ti ing less thandzhe radiusoflcurvature of theacurv-ed i ljournalzsuriace' oni the rocker. 'iblock engageable i therewithzwherebysadbearingsassembly anda-ide fmaynroll -relative-toeach .other` and.saidearle may 'havermited ilongitudinalf mexementhrelative 10i-to -theIsidei-rame, :thefload .of the side-'iframe vmember appliedto theaxlethrongh Vthe engaged curved surfacesiopposingnmovement-f-of theemleand providinga vrestoring force to return the-mle "to its normaloentered dposi-tion' Ethe side '1f-rame 15 I journallopening; lsaid'rocker blok also-including :an upwardly facing, Atransversely extending:eurvedfsurfaee' on the side `of the fblock engageble :'iwith the-wallof the journal 4'opening- `1:01 provide for transverse rock-ing of--saidj side frame relative References 'Cited fthe `'le 'lof'thisfpatent,UNTTED'SI'ATES PATENTS

